Integrative Review Paper - 1389 Words

Discussion This integrative review explores the difference of the onset-to-hospital arrival time between females and males with acute strokes. The results demonstrate that the means and medians of the hospital arrival times among female patients trend toward more delay than male patients, particularly in the Asian-Pacific and Middle Eastern region. However, the various evidences show that gender difference is not statistically significant. Among thirteen articles that showed gender differences in pre-hospital delay time, 9 studies indicate that females are more likely to have significant hospital presentation delay. On the contrary, 4 published articles have found more delay in males. There could be various factors that possibly†¦show more content†¦Similarly, other research has shown women spent more time to contact EMS than men (P0.05) which affected the delay to arrive at the hospital (Vidale et al., 2013). Consequently, presenting symptoms and responses to symptoms may be the causes of pre-hospital delay in women. Nevertheless, the evidence in a comparison of behaviors among female and male patients is lacking. In elderly patients, the decision-making ability is deteriorated and this could lead to a delay to seek medical help (Ganzer, Insel, Ritter, 2012). Several included studies in this review have demonstrated that women were significantly older than men when they got the stroke symptoms (Maeda, Toyoda, Minematsu, Kobayashi, 2013; Park et al., 2013). Hence, advanced age is likely to be another cause of pre-hospital delay in females. Additionally, some studies in this review have determined that elderly females with acute stroke are more likely to live alone than males (Mandelzweig et al., 2006; Park et al., 2013; Smith et al., 2010; Yanagida et al., 2014). Furthermore, earlier research has reported that acute stroke patients who lived alone were 2.63 times more likely to have longer hospital arrival times than patients who lived with others (p 0.001) (Eissa et al., 2013). Thus, another possible cause of the delay time in females could be living alone. Despite most reports in the United State that found gender equality in pre-hospital arrival time, only one study addressed MexicanShow MoreRelatedThe Benefits Of Active Learning And Student Centered Teaching Strategies Improve Motivation And Performance Among Nursing Students1173 Words   |  5 PagesCoyer, 2015, p. 967). The researchers understood the challenges nurse educators faced in engaging students and cultivating new nursing graduates with skills benefitting societal and professional sustainability. The aim of this paper is to determine by integrative review whether active learning and student-centered teaching strategies improve motivation and performance among nursing students. 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